European dimension and EU policies in doctoral education
When you are interested in why things happen the way they do in Finnish doctoral education, take a look at the European education policy and its development trends.
- is an organization focused on doctoral education in Europe. It is part of the European University Association (EUA), which represents over 800 universities and higher education institutions as well as national university associations from across Europe. EUA-CDE was established in 2008 and has become a significant network for promoting and advancing doctoral education.
- is an initiative by the European Union aimed at creating a unified area in the field of research, where researchers, knowledge and technology transfer agents, and public and private sectors can move, compete, and collaborate across borders. The primary goal of ERA is to enhance Europe’s competitiveness in research and innovation and to maximize the impact of research and development investments.
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is a European region made possible by the Bologna Process. The Bologna Process was launched in 1999 with the signing of the Bologna Declaration, and its goal was to create a cohesive and comparable higher education system across various European countries. The EHEA comprises over 40 countries, including EU member states as well as other countries such as Russia, Turkey, and Armenia. The area seeks to promote mobility, cooperation, and integration among students, teachers, researchers, and higher education institutions, providing a foundation for the international competitiveness of European higher education.
Funding instruments:
- Erasmus+ is Europe’s largest university exchange program, supporting European cooperation in higher education and funding international student and staff mobility. Erasmus+ has several key actions, including mobility actions, collaboration projects, and policy support actions. Through this program, the EU seeks to enhance skills and employability, promote innovation and international competitiveness, and support intercultural dialogue and understanding. The Erasmus+ program is open to EU member states and several other partner countries, and it has become one of the most significant and recognized EU-funded initiatives.
- Marie Skłodowska-Curie funding is a European Union funding program that supports international and interdisciplinary researcher mobility. It is part of the broader Horizon 2020 program, and its aim is to enhance the training and skills of researchers at all stages of their research careers. The program funds, among other things, doctoral training programs, individual researcher exchange projects, and innovative training networks.
- is European Union's framework program for research and innovation, known as Horizon 2020 (2014-2020) and its successor program Horizon Europe (2021-2027). Horizon Europe continues the work of its predecessor by supporting research and innovation across a broad range of areas. It expands its support for new technological fields, societal challenges, and scientific research even more comprehensively. The program's goal is to make the EU a leading center for research and innovation globally. These programs support a wide variety of projects, research groups, and networks that aim to advance scientific and technological development across Europe.
- Erasmus+ Blended Intensive Programmes (BIP) is a course that combines physical and virtual learning. A BIP is organized by three different higher education institutions from three different Erasmus+ programme countries and funded by the Erasmus+ mobility programme. Erasmus+ mobility programme (2021–2027) offers a new, more flexible way for student and staff mobilities.