Plasma turbulence: ELMFIRE
To elucidate the physics behind fundamental transport processes in tokamak plasmas the gyrokinetic ELMFIRE code has been developed within the Fusion and Plasma Physics group and VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland.
Group: Timo Kiviniemi, Laurent Ch么n茅, Susan Leerink
Group: Timo Kiviniemi, Laurent Ch么n茅, Susan Leerink
Although regimes exist in current tokamak experiments, in which the plasma is found stable to global MHD modes, the plasma is always in a state of thermodynamic quasi-equilibrium with an abundance of free energy for driving more benign instabilities. These instabilities reduce the confinement time through convection dominated transport (turbulence).
Confinement modes, which are observed to suppress this micro-turbulence (such as the high confinement mode, or H-mode) have been found experimentally. On the other hand, theoretical models of such confinement mode transitions and related phenomena are still incomplete.
The computational algorithm of the gyrokinetic full-f model ELMFIRE is a Lagrangian explicit/implicit predictor-corrector solver for the reduced Boltzmann equation in a magnetized plasma. For example, it has been applied to numerically investigate on transport phenomena in the tokamak, such as ion temperature gradient and trapped electron modes, zonal flows, and neoclassical feedback to turbulence.
- full-radius simulations of axisymmetric plasmas with limiter scrape-off layer
- full fe, full fi 鈫 allows significant changes in plasma profiles during simulation
- drift-kinetic electrons and gyrokinetic ions 鈥 one impurity species can be included
- circular concentric magnetic background
- 3D electrostatic potential from nonlinear polarization and electron parallel nonlinearity via direct implicit method
- collisions are evaluated using a binary collision model 鈫 neo-classical physics included
- guiding centre equations and simulation grid in straight-field-line coordinates
- analytic neutral model
- radiation losses can be included
- temperature can be maintained or heated up with background collisions
- benchmarked against Cyclone base case, neoclassical properties, and FT-2 experiments
- (Youtube)
- (Elmfire part starts at 4.08)
- (Youtube)
- (Youtube)
- Paavo Niskala: (2018)
- Tuomas Korpilo: &苍产蝉辫;锘(2017)
- Salomon Janhunen: (2013)
- Susan Leerink: (2012)
- Niskala, P.; Gurchenko, A. D.; Gusakov, E. Z.; Altukhov, A. B.; Esipov, L. A.; Chone, L.; Kiviniemi, T. P.; Leerink, S., Neoclassical and turbulent E x B flows in flux-driven gyrokinetic simulations of Ohmic tokamak plasmas, .
- Kiviniemi, T. P.; Niskala, P.; Askinazi, L. G.; Belokurov, A. A.; Chone, L.; Gurchenko, A. D.; Gusakov, E. Z.; Korpilo, T.; Lebedev, S. V.; Leerink, S.; Rochford, R.; Tukachinsky, A. S., Gyrokinetic simulation of transport reduction by pellet injection in TUMAN-3M tokamak,
- P. Niskala, A.D. Gurchenko, E.Z. Gusakov, A.B. Altukhov, L.A. Esipov, M.Yu. Kantor, T.P. Kiviniemi, D. Kouprienko, T. Korpilo, S.I. Lashkul, S. Leerink, A.A. Perevalov and R. Rochford, Gyrokinetic characterization of the isotope effect in turbulent transport at the FT-2 tokamak,
- T. Korpilo, T.P. Kiviniemi, S. Leerink, P. Niskala and R. Rochford, "Gyrokinetic Simulations of the Tokamak Plasma Edge in Circular Limiter Configuration". .
- T. Korpilo, A.D. Gurchenko, E.Z. Gusakov, J.A. Heikkinen, S.J. Janhunen, T.P. Kiviniemi, S. Leerink, P. Niskala and A.A. Perevalov, "Gyrokinetic full-torus simulations of ohmic tokamak plasmas in circular limiter configuration". .
- A. Gurchenko, E. Gusakov, P. Niskala, A. Altukhov, L. Esipov, T. Kiviniemi, T. Korpilo, D. Kouprienko, S. Lashkul, S. Leerink, A. Perevalov and M. Irzak, 鈥漈he isotope effect in turbulent transport control by GAMs. Observation and gyrokinetic modeling.鈥 .
- P. Niskala, T.P. Kiviniemi, S. Leerink and T. Korpilo, 鈥滸yrokinetic simulations of interplay between geodesic acoustic modes and trapped electron mode turbulence鈥. .
- A.D. Gurchenko, E.Z. Gusakov, P. Niskala, A.B. Altukhov, L.A. Esipov, T.P. Kiviniemi, D.V. Kouprienko, M.Yu. Kantor, S.I. Lashkul, S. Leerink, A.A. Perevalov and T. Korpilo, 鈥漈urbulence and anomalous tokamak transport control by Geodesic Acoustic Mode鈥. .
- T.P. Kiviniemi, S. Leerink, P. Niskala, J.A. Heikkinen, T. Korpilo and S. Janhunen, "Comparison of gyrokinetic simulation of parallel plasma conductivity to analytical models". .
- T. Korpilo, J.A. Heikkinen, S.J. Janhunen, T.P. Kiviniemi, S. Leerink and F. Ogando, 鈥漀umerically stable method for kinetic electrons in gyrokinetic particle-in-cell simulation of toroidal plasmas鈥. .
- E.Z. Gusakov, A.B. Altukhov, V.V. Bulanin, A.D. Gurchenko, J.A. Heikkinen, S.J. Janhunen, S. Leerink, L.A. Esipov, M. Yu Kantor, T.P. Kiviniemi, T. Korpilo, D.V. Kouprienko, S.I. Lashkul, A.V. Petrov and N.V. Teplova, 鈥淎nomalous transport and multi-scale drift turbulence dynamics in tokamak ohmic discharge as measured by high resolution diagnostics and modeled by full-f gyrokinetic code鈥. .
- S. Leerink, V.V. Bulanin, A.D. Gurchenko, E.Z. Gusakov, J.A. Heikkinen, S.J. Janhunen, S.I. Lashkul, A.B. Altukhov, L.A. Esipov, M. Yu. Kantor, T.P. Kiviniemi, T. Korpilo, D.V. Kuprienko and A.V. Petrov, 鈥淢ultiscale Investigations of Drift-Wave Turbulence and Plasma Flows: Measurements and Total-Distribution-Function Gyrokinetic Simulations鈥. .
- J.A. Heikkinen, T. Korpilo, S.J. Janhunen, T.P. Kiviniemi, S. Leerink and F. Ogando, 鈥淚nterpolation for momentum conservation in 3D toroidal gyrokinetic particle simulation of plasmas鈥. .
- T.P. Kiviniemi, S. Leerink, J.A. Heikkinen, S.J. Janhunen and T. Korpilo, 鈥淕yrokinetic Simulations of the Edge Pedestal in the TEXTOR Tokamak鈥, .
- J.A. Heikkinen, M. Nora, Physics of Plasmas, 鈥淕yrokinetic equations and full f solution method based on Dirac鈥檚 constrained Hamiltonian and inverse Kruskal iteration鈥. .
- S. Janhunen, J.A. Heikkinen, T. Korpilo, S. Leerink, M. Nora and F. Ogando, 鈥淩ecent advances in gyrokinetic full-f particle simulation of medium sized tokamaks with ELMFIRE鈥. .
- S. Leerink, V.V. Bulanin, E.Z. Gusakov, J.A. Heikkinen, S.J. Janhunen, T.P. Kiviniemi, T. Korpilo, M. Nora and F. Ogando, 鈥淪ynthetic Doppler Reflectometer Diagnostic for nonlinear global gyrokinetic simulations鈥. .
- J.A. Heikkinen, S.J. Janhunen, T.P. Kiviniemi and F. Ogando, 鈥淔ull f gyrokinetic method for particle simulation of tokamak transport鈥. .
- G. Falchetto, B. Scott, P. Angelino, A. Bottino, T. Dannert, V. Grandgirard, S.Janhunen, F.Jenko, S. Jolliet, A. Kendl, B. McMillan, V. Naulin, A.H. Nielsen, M. Ottaviani and A. Peeters, 鈥淭he European turbulence code benchmarking effort: turbulence driven by thermal gradients in magnetically confined plasmas鈥. .
- S.J. Janhunen, F. Ogando, J.A. Heikkinen, T.P. Kiviniemi and S. Leerink, 鈥淐ollisional dynamics of Erin turbulent plasmas in toroidal geometry鈥. .